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Electoral history of Bernie Sanders

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Bernie Sanders in March 2020 This article is part of a series about
Bernie Sanders
Mayor of Burlington
U.S. Representative from
Vermont's at-large district
U.S. Senator from Vermont
Presidential campaigns
Published works

Bernie Sanders's signature

The electoral history of Bernie Sanders includes the 2016 and 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses, and elections as United States Senator from Vermont, United States Representative from Vermont's at-large district (1991–2007), and Mayor of Burlington (1981–1989). Sanders contested 23 elections (not counting individual presidential state primaries), of which he won 17. He has won every election he has contested since his first election to the House of Representatives in 1990, except his presidential runs.

United States Senate elections

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1972

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1972 United States Senate special election in Vermont[1]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Robert Stafford 45,888 64.4%
Democratic Randolph T. Major, Jr. 23,842 33.4%
Liberty Union Bernie Sanders 1,571 2.2%
Total votes 71,301 100.0%

1974

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1974 United States Senate election in Vermont[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Patrick Leahy 70,629 49.5%
Republican Richard W. Mallary 66,223 46.4%
Liberty Union Bernie Sanders 5,901 4.1%
Write-in 19 0.0%
Total votes 142,772 100.0%

2006

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2006 United States Senate Democratic primary election in Vermont[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bernie Sanders 35,954 94.2%
Democratic Louis Thabault 585 1.5%
Democratic Craig Hill 504 1.3%
Democratic Larry Drown 403 1.1%
Democratic Peter Moss 385 1.0%
Democratic Write-ins 355 0.9%
Total votes 38,186 100.0%
2006 United States Senate election in Vermont[4]
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders 171,638 65.4%
Republican Richard Tarrant 84,924 32.3%
Marijuana Cris Ericson 1,735 0.6%
Green Craig Hill 1,536 0.5%
Independent Peter Moss 1,518 0.5%
Liberty Union Peter Diamondstone 801 0.3%
Write-in 267 0.1%
Total votes 262,419 100.0%

2012

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2012 United States Senate Democratic primary election in Vermont[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 36,902 98.7%
Democratic Write-ins 498 1.3%
Total votes 37,400 100.0%
2012 United States Senate election in Vermont[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 207,848 71.1%
Republican John MacGovern 72,898 24.9%
Marijuana Cris Ericson 5,924 2.0%
Liberty Union Peter Diamondstone 2,511 0.9%
Independent Peter Moss 2,452 0.8%
Independent Laurel LaFramboise 877 0.3%
Write-in 252 0.1%
Total votes 292,762 100.0%

2018

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2018 United States Senate Democratic primary election in Vermont[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 63,683 94.0%
Democratic Folasade Adeluola 3,766 5.6%
Democratic Write-ins 281 0.4%
Total votes 67,730 100.0%
2018 United States Senate Progressive primary election in Vermont[8]
Party Candidate Votes %
Progressive Bernie Sanders (write-in) 434 85.3%
Progressive Write-ins (other) 75 14.7%
Total votes 509 100.0%
2018 United States Senate election in Vermont
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 183,529 67.3%
Republican Lawrence Zupan 74,663 27.4%
Independent Brad J. Peacock 3,787 1.4%
Independent Russell Beste 2,763 1.0%
Independent Edward S. Gilbert, Jr. 2,244 0.8%
Independent Folasade Adeluola 1,979 0.7%
Liberty Union Reid Kane 1,171 0.4%
Independent Jon Svitavsky 1,130 0.4%
Independent Bruce Busa 914 0.3%
Write-in 294 0.1%
Total votes 272,330 100.0%

Gubernatorial elections

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1972

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1972 Vermont gubernatorial election[9]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Thomas P. Salmon 104,533 55.3%
Republican Luther F. Hackett 82,491 43.6%
Liberty Union Bernie Sanders 2,175 1.1%
Write-in 38 0.0%
Total votes 189,237 100.0%

1976

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1976 Vermont gubernatorial election[10]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Richard A. Snelling 99,268 53.4%
Democratic Stella B. Hackel 75,262 40.4%
Liberty Union Bernie Sanders 11,317 6.1%
Write-in 82 0.0%
Total votes 185,929 100.0%

1986

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1986 Vermont gubernatorial election[11]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Madeleine M. Kunin (Incumbent) 92,485 47.0%
Republican Peter Smith 75,239 38.2%
Independent Bernie Sanders 28,418 14.4%
Liberty Union Richard Gottlieb 491 0.2%
Write-in 83 0.0%
Total votes 196,716 100.0%

Burlington mayoral elections

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1981

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1981 Burlington mayoral election[12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders 4,030 43.4%
Democratic Gordon Paquette (Incumbent) 4,020 43.3%
Independent Richard Bove 1,091 11.8%
Independent Joe McGrath 139 1.5%
Total votes 9,280 100.0%

1983

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1983 Burlington mayoral election[13]
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders (Incumbent) 6,942 52.1%
Democratic Judy Stephany 4,086 30.7%
Republican James Gilson 2,292 17.2%
Total votes 13,320 100.0%

1985

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1985 Burlington mayoral election[14]
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders (Incumbent) 5,760 56.1%
Democratic Brian D. Burns 3,275 31.9%
Independent Diane Gallagher 1,234 12.0%
Total votes 10,269 100.0%

1987

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1987 Burlington mayoral election[15]
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders (Incumbent) 6,759 55.9%
Democratic Paul Lafayette 5,335 44.1%
Total votes 12,094 100.0%

United States House of Representatives elections

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1988

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1988 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont[16]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Peter Smith 98,937 41.2%
Independent Bernie Sanders 90,026 37.5%
Democratic Paul N. Poirier 45,330 18.9%
Libertarian Jim Hedbor 3,109 1.3%
Liberty Union Peter Diamondstone 1,455 0.6%
Independent Morris Earle 1,070 0.4%
Write-in 161 0.1%
Total votes 240,089 100.0%

1990

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1990 United States House of Representatives Democratic primary election in Vermont[17]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Dolores Sandoval 5,979 41.3%
Democratic Peter Diamondstone 5,711 39.4%
Democratic Bernie Sanders (write-in) 2,005 13.8%
Democratic Write-ins (other) 791 5.5%
Total votes 14,486 100.0%
1990 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont[18]
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders 117,522 56.0%
Republican Peter Smith (Incumbent) 82,938 39.5%
Democratic Dolores Sandoval 6,315 3.0%
Liberty Union Peter Diamondstone 1,965 0.9%
Write-in 1,116 0.5%
Total votes 209,856 100.0%

1992

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1992 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont[19]
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 162,724 57.8%
Republican Tim Philbin 86,901 30.9%
Democratic Lewis E. Young 22,279 7.9%
Liberty Union Peter Diamondstone 3,660 1.3%
Natural Law John Dewey 3,549 1.3%
Independent Douglas M. Miller 2,049 0.7%
Write-in 464 0.2%
Total votes 281,626 100.0%

1994

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1994 United States House of Representatives Democratic primary election in Vermont[20]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bernie Sanders (write-in) 1,968 42.5%
Democratic John Carroll (write-in) 1,458 31.5%
Democratic Write-ins (other) 1,210 26.1%
Total votes 4,636 100.0%
1994 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont[21]
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 105,502 49.9%
Republican John Carroll 98,523 46.6%
Natural Law Carole Banus 2,963 1.4%
Grassroots Jack Rogers 2,664 1.3%
Liberty Union Annette Larson 1,493 0.7%
Write-in 304 0.1%
Total votes 211,449 100.0%

1996

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1996 United States House of Representatives Democratic primary election in Vermont[22]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jack Long 9,291 68.0%
Democratic Bernie Sanders (write-in) 4,037 29.5%
Democratic Susan Sweetser (write-in) 203 1.5%
Democratic Write-ins (other) 143 1.1%
Total votes 13,674 100.0%
1996 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont[23]
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 140,678 55.2%
Republican Susan Sweetser 83,021 32.5%
Democratic Jack Long 23,830 9.3%
Libertarian Thomas J. Morse 2,693 1.0%
Liberty Union Peter Diamondstone 1,965 0.7%
Grassroots Robert Melamede 1,350 0.5%
Natural Law Norio Kushi 812 0.3%
Write-in 357 0.1%
Total votes 254,706 100.0%

1998

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1998 United States House of Representatives Democratic primary election in Vermont[24]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bernie Sanders (write-in) 1,661 47.9%
Democratic Mark Candon (write-in) 524 15.1%
Democratic Jack Long (write-in) 465 13.4%
Democratic Peter Diamondstone (write-in) 352 10.2%
Democratic Write-ins (other) 467 13.5%
Total votes 3,469 100.0%
1998 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont[25]
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 136,403 63.4%
Republican Mark Candon 70,740 32.9%
Grassroots Matthew Mulligan 3,464 1.6%
Liberty Union Peter Diamondstone 2,153 1.0%
Libertarian Robert Maynard 2,097 1.0%
Write-in 276 0.1%
Total votes 215,133 100.0%

2000

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2000 United States House of Representatives Democratic primary election in Vermont[26]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Peter Diamondstone 20,539 90.9%
Democratic Bernie Sanders (write-in) 1,337 5.9%
Democratic Write-ins (other) 710 3.1%
Total votes 22,586 100.0%
2000 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont[27]
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 196,118 69.2%
Republican Karen Ann Kerin 51,977 18.3%
Democratic Peter Diamondstone 14,918 5.3%
Independent Stewart Skrill 11,816 4.2%
Grassroots Jack Rogers 4,799 1.7%
Libertarian Daniel H. Krymkowski 2,978 1.0%
Write-in 760 0.3%
Total votes 283,366 100.0%

2002

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2002 United States House of Representatives Democratic primary election in Vermont[28]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bernie Sanders (write-in) 2,583 65.2%
Democratic Write-ins (other) 1,382 34.9%
Total votes 3,965 100.0%
2002 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont[29]
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 144,880 64.2%
Republican William Meub 72,813 32.2%
Liberty Union Jane Newton 3,185 1.4%
Grassroots Fawn Skinner 2,344 1.0%
Libertarian Daniel H. Krymkowski 2,033 0.9%
Write-in 221 0.1%
Total votes 225,476 100.0%

2004

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2004 United States House of Representatives Democratic primary election in Vermont[30]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Larry Drown 14,870 86.1%
Democratic Bernie Sanders (write-in) 1,878 10.9%
Democratic Write-ins (other) 515 3.0%
Total votes 17,263 100.0%
2004 United States House of Representatives Progressive primary election in Vermont[31]
Party Candidate Votes %
Progressive Bernie Sanders (write-in) 315 47.2%
Progressive Jane Newton 238 35.7%
Progressive Write-ins (other) 114 17.1%
Total votes 667 100.0%
2004 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont[32]
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Bernie Sanders (incumbent) 205,774 76.2%
Republican Greg Parke 42,271 15.7%
Democratic Larry Drown 21,684 8.0%
Liberty Union Jane Newton 3,018 1.0%
Write-in 261 0.1%
Total votes 305,008 100.0%

United States presidential elections

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2016

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2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries[33]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Hillary Clinton 16,849,779 55.2%
Democratic Bernie Sanders 13,167,848 43.1%
Democratic Martin O'Malley 110,423 0.4%
Democratic Others 395,523 1.3%
Total votes 30,523,573 100.0%
State Results
Raw Votes Pledged Delegates
States Date PD Clinton Sanders Other Totals Caucus TEV TO% MV MV% Clinton Sanders
Iowa 02/01/16 44 700 697 8 1,405 154,000 1,405 3 0.21% 23 21
New Hampshire 02/09/16 25 95,355 152,193 5,514 253,062 641,848 39.43% (56,838) -22.46% 9 15
Nevada 02/20/16 35 6,440 5,785 8 12,233 70,000 596,720 2.05% 655 5.35% 18 17
S Carolina 02/27/16 53 272,379 94,498 4,027 370,904 3,663,583 10.12% 177,881 47.96% 38 13
Alabama 03/01/16 53 309,928 76,399 11,830 398,157 3,602,334 11.05% 233,529 58.65% 43 10
Am Samoa 03/01/16 6 162 61 14 237 237 101 42.62% 4 2
Arkansas 03/01/16 32 146,057 66,236 8,727 221,020 2,137,115 10.34% 79,821 36.11% 22 10
Colorado 03/01/16 66 49,789 72,846 873 123,508 123,508 934,818 13.21% (23,057) -18.67% 27 39
Georgia 03/01/16 102 545,674 215,797 3,895 765,366 6,900,387 11.09% 329,877 43.10% 73 29
Massachusetts 03/01/16 91 606,822 589,803 23,671 1,220,296 3,768,095 32.38% 17,019 1.39% 46 45
Minnesota 03/01/16 77 78,381 126,229 0 204,610 204,610 3,972,330 5.15% (47,848) -23.38% 30 47
Oklahoma 03/01/16 38 139,443 174,228 22,172 335,843 1,978,807 16.97% (34,785) -10.36% 17 21
Tennessee 03/01/16 67 245,930 120,800 5,492 372,222 4,874,592 7.64% 125,130 33.62% 45 22
Texas 03/01/16 222 936,004 476,547 23,344 1,435,895 17,299,279 8.30% 459,457 32.00% 147 75
Vermont 03/01/16 16 18,338 115,900 1,018 135,256 495,563 27.29% (97,562) -72.13% 0 16
Virginia 03/01/16 95 504,741 276,370 3,930 785,041 6,022,089 13.04% 228,371 29.09% 61 34
Kansas 03/05/16 33 12,593 26,637 0 39,230 450,265 8.71% (14,044) -35.80% 11 22
Louisiana 03/05/16 51 221,733 72,276 17,767 311,776 1,331,510 23.42% 149,457 47.94% 40 13
Nebraska 03/05/16 25 14,340 19,120 0 33,460 33,460 (4,780) -14.29% 11 14
Maine 03/06/16 25 2,226 1,231 12 3,469 3,469 995 28.68% 9 16
Dems Abroad 03/08/16 13 10,689 23,779 27 34,495 N/A (13,090) -37.95% 2 4
Michigan 03/08/16 130 581,775 598,943 24,834 1,205,552 7,419,694 16.25% (17,168) -1.42% 64 66
Mississippi 03/08/16 36 187,334 37,748 2,082 227,164 2,181,159 10.41% 149,586 65.85% 30 6
N Marianas 03/12/16 6 102 65 22 189 189 37 19.58% 4 2
Florida 03/15/16 214 1,101,414 568,839 38,930 1,709,183 1,709,183 532,575 31.16% 138 71
Illinois 03/15/16 156 1,039,555 999,494 16,998 2,056,047 2,056,047 40,061 1.95% 81 78
Missouri 03/15/16 71 312,285 310,711 6,429 629,425 4,518,767 13.93% 1,574 0.25% 36 35
N Carolina 03/15/16 107 622,915 467,018 52,983 1,142,916 4,549,089 25.12% 155,897 13.64% 61 46
Ohio 03/15/16 143 696,681 535,395 9,402 1,241,478 1,241,478 161,286 12.99% 83 64
Arizona 03/22/16 75 262,459 192,962 10,814 466,235 952,527 48.95% 69,497 14.91% 41 30
Idaho 03/22/16 23 5,065 18,640 179 23,884 23,884 (13,575) -56.84% 5 18
Utah 03/22/16 33 16,166 62,992 368 79,526 79,526 (46,826) -58.88% 6 23
Alaska 03/26/16 16 2,146 8,447 17 10,610 10,610 (6,301) -59.39% 3 13
Hawaii 03/26/16 25 10,125 25,530 61 35,716 35,716 (15,405) -43.13% 8 17
Washington 03/26/16 101 7,140 19,159 46 26,345 26,345 (12,019) -45.62% 26 71
Wisconsin 04/05/16 89 433,739 570,192 3,669 1,007,600 4,282,271 23.53% (136,453) -13.54% 37 49
Wyoming 04/09/16 17 124 156 0 280 280 (32) -11.43% 6 8
New York 04/19/16 247 1,133,980 820,056 16,864 1,970,900 5,792,497 34.03% 313,924 15.93% 146 105
Connecticut 04/26/16 55 170,045 152,379 5,831 328,255 762,085 43.07% 17,666 5.38% 29 26
Delaware 04/26/16 21 55,954 36,662 1,024 93,640 312,260 29.99% 19,292 20.60% 13 8
Maryland 04/26/16 95 573,242 309,990 33,531 916,763 2,102,808 43.60% 263,252 28.72% 62 33
Pennsylvania 04/26/16 189 935,107 731,881 14,439 1,681,427 4,062,187 41.39% 203,226 12.09% 108 84
Rhode Island 04/26/16 24 52,749 66,993 2,716 122,458 681,187 17.98% (14,244) -11.63% 11 13
Indiana 05/03/16 83 303,705 335,074 0 638,779 4,855,984 13.15% (31,369) -4.91% 39 44
Guam 05/07/16 7 777 528 0 1,305 1,305 249 19.08% 5 2
West Virginia 05/10/16 29 86,914 124,700 30,925 242,539 833,929 29.08% (37,786) -15.58% 12 17
Kentucky 05/17/16 55 212,534 210,623 31,411 454,568 1,680,155 27.06% 1,911 0.42% 28 27
Oregon 05/17/16 61 269,846 360,829 10,920 641,595 955,979 67.11% (90,983) -14.18% 26 35
Virgin Is 06/04/16 7 1,326 196 0 1,522 1,522 1,130 74.24% 7 0
Puerto Rico 06/05/16 60 52,658 33,368 300 86,326 2,225,000 3.88% 19,290 22.35% 37 23
California 06/07/16 475 2,745,302 2,381,722 46,314 5,173,338 12,206,778 42.38% 363,580 7.03% 254 221
Montana 06/07/16 21 55,805 65,156 5,415 126,376 798,787 15.82% (9,351) -7.40% 10 11
New Jersey 06/07/16 126 566,247 328,058 0 894,305 1,793,927 49.85% 238,189 26.63% 81 47
New Mexico 06/07/16 34 111,334 104,741 0 216,075 578,967 37.32% 6,593 3.05% 18 16
N Dakota 06/07/16 18 101 253 40 394 394 (152) -38.58% 5 13
S Dakota 06/07/16 20 27,047 25,959 0 53,006 168,196 31.51% 1,088 2.05% 10 10
Dist Columbia 06/14/16 20 76,704 20,361 1,333 98,398 461,575 21.32% 56,343 57.26% 16 4
4,058 16,928,126 13,233,252 500,226 30,661,604 552,118 128,070,193 23.94% 3,694,874 12.05% 2,220 1,822

States/Territories won by Senator Sanders (23): Alaska, Colorado, Democrats Abroad, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, West Virginia, and Wyoming

States with Margins of less than 5% (10): Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri, Michigan, New Mexico, and South Dakota. States underlined were won by Secretary Clinton

2016 Democratic National Convention[34]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Hillary Clinton 2,842 59.7%
Democratic Bernie Sanders 1,865 39.1%
Democratic Abstention 56 1.2%
Total votes 4,763 100.0%
2016 United States presidential election in Vermont[35][36]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Hillary Clinton 178,573 55.72%
Republican Donald Trump 95,369 29.26%
Independent Bernie Sanders (write-in) 18,218 5.68%
Libertarian Gary Johnson 10,078 3.14%
Green Jill Stein 6,758 2.11%
Reform Rocky De La Fuente 1,063 0.33%
Republican John Kasich (write-in) 831 0.26%
Independent Evan McMullin (write-in) 641 0.20%
Liberty Union Gloria La Riva 327 0.10%
Constitution Darrell Castle (write-in) 63 0.02%
Socialist Mimi Soltysik (write-in) 3 <0.01%
Write-in Write-ins (other) 3,143 1.00%
n/a No Name/None of the Above 257 0.09%
n/a Spoiled/blank 5,400 1.69%
Total votes 320,467 100.00%

2020

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First-instance vote by state and territory
2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries[37]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joe Biden 19,076,052 51.5%
Democratic Bernie Sanders 9,536,123 26.6%
Democratic Elizabeth Warren 2,781,720 7.8%
Democratic Michael Bloomberg 2,475,323 6.9%
Democratic Pete Buttigieg 913,023 2.6%
Democratic Amy Klobuchar 524,559 1.5%
Democratic Tulsi Gabbard 270,792 0.8%
Democratic Tom Steyer 258,907 0.7%
Democratic Andrew Yang 160,416 0.4%
Democratic Others 458,477 1.3%
Total votes 35,827,432 100.00%

States/Territories won by Senator Sanders (10): California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, North Dakota, Northern Mariana Islands, Iowa, Democrats Abroad, Vermont, New Hampshire

2020 Democratic National Convention[38]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joe Biden 3,558 74.9%
Democratic Bernie Sanders 1,151 24.2%
Democratic Available 35 0.7%
Democratic Abstention 5 0.1%
Total votes 4,749 100.00%

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Vermont State archives, Race – Jan 7, 1972, ret. Apr. 26, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, 2011. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  2. ^ VT US Senate 1974
  3. ^ "VT US Senate - D Primary". Our Campaigns. September 12, 2006. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  4. ^ "Vermont State archives, Race – 2006, ret. Apr. 26, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, 2011. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  5. ^ "2012 U.S. Senate Democratic Primary". Vermont Secretary of State. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
  6. ^ "Bernie Sanders".
  7. ^ "2018 U.S. Senate Democratic Primary". Vermont Secretary of State. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
  8. ^ "2018 U.S. Senate Progressive Primary". Vermont Secretary of State. Archived from the original on August 11, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
  9. ^ "Vermont State archives, Race – 1972, ret. Apr. 26, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2009. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  10. ^ "Vermont State archives, Race – 1976, ret. Apr. 26, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2009. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  11. ^ "Vermont State archives, Race – 1986, ret. Apr. 26, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2009. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  12. ^ Burlington, VT Mayor 1981
  13. ^ Burlington, VT Mayor 1983
  14. ^ Burlington, VT Mayor 1985
  15. ^ Burlington, VT Mayor 1981
  16. ^ "Vermont State archives, Race – 1988, ret. Apr. 26, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  17. ^ "VT At Large - D Primary". Our Campaigns. September 11, 1990. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  18. ^ "Vermont State archives - General Election Results" (PDF). Retrieved March 31, 2016.
  19. ^ "Vermont State archives, Race – 1992, ret. Apr. 26, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  20. ^ "VT At Large - D Primary". Our Campaigns. September 6, 1994. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  21. ^ "Vermont State archives, Race – 1994, ret. Apr. 26, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  22. ^ "VT At Large - D Primary". Our Campaigns. September 8, 1996. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  23. ^ "Vermont State archives, Race – 1996, ret. Apr. 26, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  24. ^ "VT At Large - D Primary". Our Campaigns. September 8, 1998. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  25. ^ "Vermont State archives, Race – 1998, ret. Apr. 26, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  26. ^ "VT At Large - D Primary". Our Campaigns. September 12, 2000. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  27. ^ "Vermont State archives, Race – 2000, ret. Apr. 26, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  28. ^ "VT At Large - D Primary". Our Campaigns. September 10, 2002. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  29. ^ "Vermont State archives, Race – 2002, ret. Apr. 26, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  30. ^ "VT At Large - D Primary". Our Campaigns. September 14, 2004. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  31. ^ "VT At Large - PRG Primary". Our Campaigns. September 14, 2004. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  32. ^ "Vermont State archives, Race – 2004, ret. Apr. 26, 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  33. ^ "Democratic Convention 2016". The Green Papers. February 1, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
  34. ^ "Democratic Convention 2016". The Green Papers. February 1, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
  35. ^ "Presidential Election Statement of Votes". Vermont Secretary of State. Archived from the original on April 7, 2016. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  36. ^ http://www.thegreenpapers.com/G16/VT The Green Papers
  37. ^ "Democratic Convention 2020". The Green Papers. September 11, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  38. ^ "Democratic Convention 2020". The Green Papers. September 11, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
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